Android-приложение не масштабируется должным образом для небольших устройств

Я делаю приложение для Android, в котором определенный макет не масштабируется должным образом. Виды карт конфликтуют друг с другом, я знаю, что это из-за жестко запрограммированных пикселей, но если я этого не сделаю, как я могу добиться этого типа вывода.

Вот мой XML-код:

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout            
xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width = "match_parent"
android:layout_height = "match_parent"
xmlns:app = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">


<ScrollView
    android:layout_width = "0dp"
    android:layout_height = "0dp"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf = "parent"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf = "parent"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf = "parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf = "parent">

    <android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width = "match_parent"
        android:layout_height = "match_parent">

        <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
            android:id = "@+id/culinary"
            android:layout_width = "221dp"
            android:layout_height = "144dp"
            android:layout_marginStart = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginTop = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginBottom = "8dp"
            app:cardCornerRadius = "17dp"
            app:cardElevation = "20dp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias = "0.0"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintVertical_bias = "0.0">


            <ImageView
                android:id = "@+id/imageView23"
                android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
                android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
                app:srcCompat = "@drawable/culinary" />
        </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>


        <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
            android:id = "@+id/music"
            android:layout_width = "161dp"
            android:layout_height = "146dp"
            android:layout_marginStart = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginTop = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginBottom = "8dp"
            app:cardCornerRadius = "17dp"
            app:cardElevation = "20dp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias = "1.0"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintVertical_bias = "0.0">

            <ImageView
                android:id = "@+id/imageView25"
                android:layout_width = "143dp"
                android:layout_height = "133dp"
                android:layout_gravity = "center"
                android:foregroundGravity = "center"
                app:srcCompat = "@drawable/music" />
        </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>

        <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
            android:id = "@+id/literature"
            android:layout_width = "146dp"
            android:layout_height = "128dp"
            android:layout_marginStart = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginTop = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginBottom = "400dp"
            app:cardCornerRadius = "17dp"
            app:cardElevation = "20dp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias = "0.0"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf = "@+id/culinary"
            app:layout_constraintVertical_bias = "0.0">


            <ImageView
                android:id = "@+id/imageView26"
                android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
                android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
                app:srcCompat = "@drawable/literature" />
        </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>

        <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
            android:id = "@+id/acting"
            android:layout_width = "146dp"
            android:layout_height = "128dp"
            android:layout_marginTop = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginBottom = "8dp"
            app:cardCornerRadius = "17dp"
            app:cardElevation = "20dp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias = "1.0"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf = "@+id/photography"
            app:layout_constraintVertical_bias = "0.072">

            <ImageView
                android:id = "@+id/imageView21"
                android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
                android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
                app:srcCompat = "@drawable/drama" />
        </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>

        <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
            android:id = "@+id/design"
            android:layout_width = "122dp"
            android:layout_height = "122dp"
            android:layout_marginStart = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginTop = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp"
            app:cardCornerRadius = "17dp"
            app:cardElevation = "20dp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias = "0.571"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf = "@+id/music"
            app:layout_constraintVertical_bias = "0.009">

            <ImageView
                android:id = "@+id/imageView17"
                android:layout_width = "114dp"
                android:layout_height = "105dp"
                android:layout_gravity = "center"
                app:srcCompat = "@drawable/fashion" />
        </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>

        <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
            android:id = "@+id/handicrafts"
            android:layout_width = "99dp"
            android:layout_height = "122dp"
            android:layout_marginStart = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginTop = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginBottom = "400dp"
            app:cardCornerRadius = "17dp"
            app:cardElevation = "20dp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias = "0.974"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf = "@+id/photography"
            app:layout_constraintVertical_bias = "1.0">

            <ImageView
                android:id = "@+id/imageView19"
                android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
                android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
                app:srcCompat = "@drawable/handicraft" />
        </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>

        <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
            android:id = "@+id/drawing"
            android:layout_width = "146dp"
            android:layout_height = "128dp"
            android:layout_marginStart = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginTop = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginBottom = "60dp"
            app:cardCornerRadius = "17dp"
            app:cardElevation = "20dp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias = "0.0"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf = "@+id/photography"
            app:layout_constraintVertical_bias = "0.225">


            <ImageView
                android:id = "@+id/imageView10"
                android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
                android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
                app:srcCompat = "@drawable/drawing2" />
        </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>


        <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
            android:id = "@+id/photography"
            android:layout_width = "390dp"
            android:layout_height = "165dp"
            android:layout_marginTop = "8dp"
            app:cardCornerRadius = "17dp"
            app:cardElevation = "20dp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias = "0.533"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf = "@+id/handicrafts"
            app:layout_constraintVertical_bias = "0.034">


            <ImageView
                android:id = "@+id/imageView18"
                android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
                android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
                app:srcCompat = "@drawable/photography1" />
        </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>

        <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
            android:id = "@+id/miscellanous"
            android:layout_width = "77dp"
            android:layout_height = "124dp"
            android:layout_marginStart = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginTop = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginBottom = "8dp"
            app:cardCornerRadius = "17dp"
            app:cardElevation = "20dp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf = "parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf = "@+id/acting"
            app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias = "0.222"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf = "@+id/drawing"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf = "@+id/photography"
            app:layout_constraintVertical_bias = "0.083">

            <ImageView
                android:id = "@+id/imageView22"
                android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
                android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
                app:srcCompat = "@drawable/misc" />
        </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>


    </android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
</ScrollView>

Вот желаемый результат и результат, который я получаю: Android-приложение не масштабируется должным образом для небольших устройств

Android-приложение не масштабируется должным образом для небольших устройств

Пожалуйста, помогите мне решить эту проблему!

android android-xml android-cardview

11.07.2019 18:35

Коллекции (ArrayList , HashSet , HashMap)

321

Перейти к ответу Данный вопрос помечен как решенный

Ответы 2

В Android вам необходимо учитывать количество различных размеров экрана при разработке приложения для Android.

Разные телефоны имеют разный размер экрана, в вашем макете вы используете фиксированный размер в вашем представлении (например, фиксированный размер 50dp), и в результате то, что может хорошо выглядеть на одном экране (экран предварительного просмотра вашей студии Android), не будет хорошо выглядеть на другом экране (ваш фактический Телефон).

Чтобы решить вашу проблему, я бы рекомендовал использовать ConstraintLayout с методические рекомендации и Цепи для поддержки разных размеров экрана.

Вот пример макета, который выглядит так, как вы хотите:

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout 
  xmlns:app = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
  xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools"
  android:layout_width = "match_parent"
  android:layout_height = "match_parent">

<Button
    android:id = "@+id/button"
    android:layout_width = "0dp"
    android:layout_height = "0dp"
    android:text = "1"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf = "@+id/button6"
    app:layout_constraintDimensionRatio = ""
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf = "@+id/button2"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf = "parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf = "parent" />

<Button
    android:id = "@+id/button2"
    android:layout_width = "0dp"
    android:layout_height = "0dp"
    android:text = "2"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf = "@+id/button"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf = "parent"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf = "@+id/button"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf = "@+id/button" />

<Button
    android:id = "@+id/button3"
    android:layout_width = "0dp"
    android:layout_height = "0dp"
    android:text = "5"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf = "@+id/button5"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf = "parent"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf = "@+id/button5"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf = "@+id/button5" />

<Button
    android:id = "@+id/button4"
    android:layout_width = "0dp"
    android:layout_height = "0dp"
    android:text = "9"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf = "@+id/button8"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf = "parent"
    app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias = "0.5"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf = "@+id/button9"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf = "@+id/button8" />

<Button
    android:id = "@+id/button9"
    android:layout_width = "0dp"
    android:layout_height = "0dp"
    android:text = "8"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf = "@+id/button8"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf = "@+id/button4"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf = "@+id/button8"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf = "@+id/button8" />

<Button
    android:id = "@+id/button5"
    android:layout_width = "0dp"
    android:layout_height = "0dp"
    android:text = "4"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf = "@+id/button6"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf = "@+id/button3"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf = "@+id/button6"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf = "@+id/button6" />

<Button
    android:id = "@+id/button6"
    android:layout_width = "0dp"
    android:layout_height = "0dp"
    android:text = "3"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf = "@+id/button7"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf = "@+id/button5"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf = "parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf = "@+id/button" />

<Button
    android:id = "@+id/button7"
    android:layout_width = "0dp"
    android:layout_height = "0dp"
    android:layout_marginStart = "8dp"
    android:layout_marginLeft = "8dp"
    android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp"
    android:layout_marginRight = "8dp"
    android:text = "6"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf = "@+id/button8"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf = "parent"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf = "parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf = "@+id/button6" />

<Button
    android:id = "@+id/button8"
    android:layout_width = "0dp"
    android:layout_height = "0dp"
    android:text = "7"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf = "parent"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf = "@+id/button9"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf = "parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf = "@+id/button7" />

</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

И это будет выглядеть так:

Как вы можете видеть в коде XML, я использую Constraint Layout.

— 11.07.2019 18:53

Я хорошо знаю, но рассмотрите возможность использования его с рекомендациями / цепочками, чтобы заменить фиксированный размер и, следовательно, соответствовать всем размерам экрана.

— 11.07.2019 18:54

11.07.2019 18:49

Ответ принят как подходящий

Если вы новичок в Android, я предлагаю начать с более простых макетов, потому что ConstraintLayout довольно сложен. Он пытается быть всем сразу, что усложняет его использование. Вместо этого попробуйте LinearLayout. Я попытался отредактировать ваш макет и вот что у меня получилось.

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?>
<ScrollView xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width = "match_parent"
    android:layout_height = "match_parent">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width = "match_parent"
        android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
        android:orientation = "vertical">

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width = "match_parent"
            android:layout_height = "146dp"
            android:orientation = "horizontal">

            <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
                android:id = "@+id/culinary"
                android:layout_width = "0dp"
                android:layout_height = "match_parent"
                android:layout_marginStart = "8dp"
                android:layout_marginTop = "8dp"
                android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp"
                android:layout_marginBottom = "8dp"
                android:layout_weight = "1"
                app:cardCornerRadius = "17dp"
                app:cardElevation = "20dp">


                <ImageView
                    android:id = "@+id/imageView23"
                    android:layout_width = "match_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "match_parent"
                    app:srcCompat = "@drawable/culinary" />
            </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>


            <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
                android:id = "@+id/music"
                android:layout_width = "0dp"
                android:layout_height = "match_parent"
                android:layout_marginTop = "8dp"
                android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp"
                android:layout_marginBottom = "8dp"
                android:layout_weight = "1"
                app:cardCornerRadius = "17dp"
                app:cardElevation = "20dp">

                <ImageView
                    android:id = "@+id/imageView25"
                    android:layout_width = "match_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "match_parent"
                    android:layout_gravity = "center"
                    android:foregroundGravity = "center"
                    app:srcCompat = "@drawable/music" />
            </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>

        </LinearLayout>

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width = "match_parent"
            android:layout_height = "128dp"
            android:orientation = "horizontal">

            <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
                android:id = "@+id/literature"
                android:layout_width = "0dp"
                android:layout_height = "match_parent"
                android:layout_marginStart = "8dp"
                android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp"
                android:layout_weight = "1"
                app:cardCornerRadius = "17dp"
                app:cardElevation = "20dp">


                <ImageView
                    android:id = "@+id/imageView26"
                    android:layout_width = "match_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "match_parent"
                    app:srcCompat = "@drawable/literature" />
            </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>

            <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
                android:id = "@+id/acting"
                android:layout_width = "0dp"
                android:layout_height = "match_parent"
                android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp"
                android:layout_weight = "1"
                app:cardCornerRadius = "17dp"
                app:cardElevation = "20dp">

                <ImageView
                    android:id = "@+id/imageView21"
                    android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
                    android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
                    app:srcCompat = "@drawable/drama" />
            </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>

            <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
                android:id = "@+id/design"
                android:layout_width = "0dp"
                android:layout_height = "match_parent"
                android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp"
                android:layout_weight = "1"
                app:cardCornerRadius = "17dp"
                app:cardElevation = "20dp">

                <ImageView
                    android:id = "@+id/imageView17"
                    android:layout_width = "114dp"
                    android:layout_height = "105dp"
                    android:layout_gravity = "center"
                    app:srcCompat = "@drawable/fashion" />
            </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>

        </LinearLayout>

        <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
            android:id = "@+id/handicrafts"
            android:layout_width = "match_parent"
            android:layout_height = "122dp"
            android:layout_marginStart = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginTop = "8dp"
            android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp"
            app:cardCornerRadius = "17dp"
            app:cardElevation = "20dp">

            <ImageView
                android:id = "@+id/imageView19"
                android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
                android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
                app:srcCompat = "@drawable/handicraft" />
        </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>


        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width = "match_parent"
            android:layout_height = "165dp"
            android:orientation = "horizontal">

            <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
                android:id = "@+id/drawing"
                android:layout_width = "0dp"
                android:layout_height = "match_parent"
                android:layout_marginStart = "8dp"
                android:layout_marginTop = "8dp"
                android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp"
                android:layout_weight = "1"
                app:cardCornerRadius = "17dp"
                app:cardElevation = "20dp">


                <ImageView
                    android:id = "@+id/imageView10"
                    android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
                    android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
                    app:srcCompat = "@drawable/drawing2" />
            </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>


            <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
                android:id = "@+id/photography"
                android:layout_width = "0dp"
                android:layout_height = "match_parent"
                android:layout_marginTop = "8dp"
                android:layout_weight = "1"
                app:cardCornerRadius = "17dp"
                app:cardElevation = "20dp">


                <ImageView
                    android:id = "@+id/imageView18"
                    android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
                    android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
                    app:srcCompat = "@drawable/photography1" />
            </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>

            <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
                android:id = "@+id/miscellanous"
                android:layout_width = "0dp"
                android:layout_height = "match_parent"
                android:layout_marginStart = "8dp"
                android:layout_marginTop = "8dp"
                android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp"
                android:layout_weight = "1"
                app:cardCornerRadius = "17dp"
                app:cardElevation = "20dp">

                <ImageView
                    android:id = "@+id/imageView22"
                    android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
                    android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
                    app:srcCompat = "@drawable/misc" />
            </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>

        </LinearLayout>
    </LinearLayout>
</ScrollView>

Эй, Эгис, за ваше время и усилия с этим ответом вы получили мой голос. Но обратите внимание, что вы используете жестко заданные размеры, такие как android:layout_height = "165dp", и это сделает ваш макет неотзывчивым. Проверьте мой ответ ниже, который говорит об этой теме.

— 11.07.2019 19:00

Я просто хотел показать, как можно использовать LinearLayout в этом случае. Я не придираюсь ко всему, чтобы сделать его идеальным. Тем не менее, я согласен с вашей точкой зрения о жестко закодированных размерах.

— 11.07.2019 19:04

11.07.2019 18:56