GlGetUniformLocation() выдает 'ctypes.ArgumentError: аргумент 1: TypeError: неправильный тип'

Я инициализирую свою шейдерную программу следующим образом:

def __init__(self, vertex_file: str, fragment_file: str):
    self.__vertex_shader_id = self.load_shader(vertex_file, GL_VERTEX_SHADER)
    self.__fragment_shader_id = self.load_shader(fragment_file, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER)
    self.__program_id = glCreateProgram()                           # create program
    glAttachShader(self.__program_id, self.__vertex_shader_id)      # attach the shader to the program
    glAttachShader(self.__program_id, self.__fragment_shader_id)    # attach the shader to the program
    self.bind_attributes()
    glLinkProgram(self.__program_id)                                # link the program to the shaders
    glValidateProgram(self.__program_id)                            # validate the program
    # glUseProgram(self.__program_id)
    self.get_all_uniform_locations()

(использование glUseProgram() не решает проблему)

и вызывая glGetUniformLocation() следующим образом:

def get_uniform_location(self, uniform_name: str):
    return glGetUniformLocation(self.get_program_id, uniform_name)

В качестве аргумента для uniform_name я передаю «transformation_matrix».

Мой vertexShader.txt выглядит так:

#version 400 core

in vec3 position;
in vec2 texture_coords;

out vec2 pass_texture_coords;

uniform mat4 transformation_matrix;

void main(void){

    gl_Position = transformation_matrix * vec4(position, 1.0);
    pass_texture_coords = texture_coords;

}

Я не понимаю, как можно было передать неправильный тип, поскольку program_id — это целое число, аuniform_name — это строка, именно так, как это указано в документации. Кроме того, форма является (или должна быть) активной в VertexShader, так что это не может быть так.

Полная трассировка ошибки:

 File "...\3DEngine\__main__.py", line 56, in <module>
    main()
  File "...\3DEngine\__main__.py", line 43, in main
    shader = StaticShader()
  File "...\3DEngine\shaders\static_shader.py", line 11, in __init__
    super().__init__(self.get_vertex_file(), self.get_fragment_file())
  File "...\3DEngine\shaders\shader_program.py", line 20, in __init__
    self.get_all_uniform_locations()
  File "...\3DEngine\shaders\static_shader.py", line 18, in get_all_uniform_locations
    self.set_location_transformation_matrix(super().get_uniform_location(b"transformation_matrix"))
  File "C...\3DEngine\shaders\shader_program.py", line 28, in get_uniform_location
    return glGetUniformLocation(self.get_program_id, uniform_name)
  File "C:\Users\Andreas\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python310\site-packages\OpenGL\latebind.py", line 63, in __call__
    return self.wrapperFunction( self.baseFunction, *args, **named )
  File "C:\Users\Andreas\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python310\site-packages\OpenGL\GL\VERSION\GL_2_0.py", line 430, in glGetUniformLocation
    return baseOperation( program, name )
  File "C:\Users\Andreas\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python310\site-packages\OpenGL\platform\baseplatform.py", line 415, in __call__
    return self( *args, **named )
ctypes.ArgumentError: argument 1: TypeError: wrong type

Минимальный воспроизводимый пример:

from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *


vertexShader = """#version 400 core

in vec3 position;
in vec2 texture_coords;

out vec2 pass_texture_coords;

uniform mat4 transformation_matrix;

void main(void){

    gl_Position = transformation_matrix * vec4(position, 1.0);
    pass_texture_coords = texture_coords;

}"""

fragmentShader = """#version 400 core

in vec2 pass_texture_coords;

out vec4 out_color;

uniform sampler2D texture_sampler;

void main(void){

    out_color = texture(texture_sampler, pass_texture_coords);

}"""


def load_shader(file: str, shader_type: int):
    try:
        shader_source = ''.join(file)  # create a continuous string
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)  # print exception
        raise SystemExit
    shader_id = glCreateShader(shader_type)  # create the shader
    glShaderSource(shader_id, shader_source)  # load the shader source code
    glCompileShader(shader_id)  # compile the shader
    if glGetShaderiv(shader_id, GL_COMPILE_STATUS) == GL_FALSE:
        print(glGetShaderInfoLog(shader_id))  # print the info log if it didn't compile correctly
        print("Could not compile shader.")
        raise SystemExit
    return shader_id


def init(vertex_file: str, fragment_file: str):
    vertex_shader_id = load_shader(vertex_file, GL_VERTEX_SHADER)
    fragment_shader_id = load_shader(fragment_file, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER)
    program_id = glCreateProgram()                           # create program
    glAttachShader(program_id, vertex_shader_id)      # attach the shader to the program
    glAttachShader(program_id, fragment_shader_id)    # attach the shader to the program
    glLinkProgram(program_id)                                # link the program to the shaders
    glValidateProgram(program_id)                            # validate the program
    glUseProgram(program_id)
    get_all_uniform_locations()


def get_uniform_location(uniform_name: str):
    return glGetUniformLocation(3, uniform_name)    # hard coded the program ID


def get_all_uniform_locations():
    get_uniform_location("transformation_matrix")


def update_display():
    glClearColor(1, 0, 0, 1)                            # set backdrop color to red
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)  # Remove everything from screen (i.e. displays all white)
    glLoadIdentity()                                    # Reset all graphic/shape's position


def create_display(window_name):
    glutInit()
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA)                           # initialize colors
    glutInitWindowSize(1280, 720)  # set windows size
    glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0)                             # set window position
    glutCreateWindow(f"{window_name}")                       # create window (with a name) and set window attribute
    glutSetWindow(1)                        # hard coded
    glutDisplayFunc(update_display)
    glutSetOption(GLUT_ACTION_ON_WINDOW_CLOSE, GLUT_ACTION_GLUTMAINLOOP_RETURNS)  # prevent program from stopping


create_display("Please work ffs")
init(vertexShader, fragmentShader)