Поиск разницы на основе взаимодействия между двумя векторами

Мы можем использовать setdiff из пакета dplyr.

library(dplyr)

setdiff(datA, datB)
#     colA        colB
# 1 Atorva Smith, John
# 2  Simva   Doe, Jane

ДАННЫЕ

datA <- read.table(text = "    colA     colB
    Aspirin  'Smith, John'
    Aspirin  'Doe, Jane'
    Atorva   'Smith, John'
    Simva    'Doe, Jane'",
                   header = TRUE, stringsAsFactors = FALSE)

datB <- read.table(text = "    colA     colB
    Aspirin  'Smith, John'
    Aspirin  'Doe, Jane'
    Atorva   'Doe, Jane'",
                   header = TRUE, stringsAsFactors = FALSE)

Если вам нужно базовое решение R, легко написать функцию setdiffDF.

setdiffDF <- function(x, y){
  ix <- !duplicated(rbind(y, x))[nrow(y) + 1:nrow(x)]
  x[ix, ]
}


setdiffDF(dfA, dfB)
#    colA        colB
#3 Atorva Smith, John
#4  Simva   Doe, Jane

Данные в формате dput.

dfA <-
structure(list(colA = structure(c(1L, 1L, 2L, 3L), 
.Label = c("Aspirin", "Atorva", "Simva"), class = "factor"), 
colB = structure(c(2L, 1L, 2L, 1L), .Label = c("Doe, Jane", 
"Smith, John"), class = "factor")), class = "data.frame", 
row.names = c(NA, -4L))

dfB <-
structure(list(colA = structure(c(1L, 1L, 2L), 
.Label = c("Aspirin", "Atorva"), class = "factor"), 
colB = structure(c(2L, 1L, 1L), .Label = c("Doe, Jane", 
"Smith, John"), class = "factor")), class = "data.frame", 
row.names = c(NA, -3L))