Получить слово в файле и добавить номер строки, в которой встречается это слово, и добавить этот номер в список и добавить в словарь

Следующее должно помочь

def index(filename):
    word_lines = {}
    with open(filename) as file:
        for line_num, line in enumerate(file.readlines(), 1):
            for word in line.split():
                if word in word_lines.keys(): 
                    if line_num not in word_lines[word]:
                        word_lines[word].append(line_num)
                else:
                    word_lines[word] = [ line_num ]
    return word_lines

print(index('test.txt'))

Результат для примера будет:

{'Now,': [1], 'by': [1], 'Saint': [1], "Peter's": [1], 'Church': [1], 'and': [1, 5], 'Peter': [1], 'too,': [1], 'He': [2], 'shall': [2], 'not': [2, 6], 'make': [2], 'me': [2], 'there': [2], 'a': [2], 'joyful': [2], 'bride.': [2], 'I': [3, 5, 6], 'wonder': [3], 'at': [3], 'this': [3], 'haste;': [3], 'that': [3, 4], 'must': [3], 'wed': [3], 'Ere': [4], 'he,': [4], 'should': [4], 'be': [4], 'husband,': [4], 'comes': [4], 'to': [4], 'woo.': [4], 'pray': [5], 'you,': [5], 'tell': [5], 'my': [5], 'lord': [5], 'father,': [5], 'madam,': [5], 'will': [6], 'marry': [6], 'yet;': [6], 'and,': [6], 'when': [6], 'do,': [6], 'swear,': [6], 'It': [7], 'sh': [7]}

Я предполагаю, что содержимое файла уже прочитано в строке text. Я также удаляю знаки препинания

text = "He shall not make me there a joyful bride.\n " \
       "I wonder at this haste; that I must wed Ere he, that should be husband, comes to woo. \n" \
       "I pray you, tell my lord and father, madam, I will not marry yet;"
punctuations = '!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~'
for punctuation in punctuations:
    text = text.replace(punctuation, '')
words = list(set(text.split()))
print(words)
result_dict = {}
for line_num, line in enumerate(text.split('\n')):
    for word in words:
        if word in line:
            if word in result_dict.keys():
                result_dict[word].append(line_num)
            else:
                result_dict[word] = [line_num]

print(result_dict)
{
    'a': [0, 1, 2],
    'shall': [0],
    'bride': [0],
    'He': [0],
    'make': [0],
    'me': [0, 1],
    'not': [0, 2],
    'he': [0, 1, 2],
    'there': [0],
    'joyful': [0],
    'husband': [1],
    'and': [1, 2],
    'must': [1],
    'at': [1, 2],
    'wonder': [1],
    'to': [1],
    'I': [1, 2],
    'wed': [1],
    'this': [1],
    'Ere': [1],
    'comes': [1],
    'woo': [1],
    'that': [1],
    'haste': [1],
    'be': [1],
    'should': [1],
    'father': [2],
    'will': [2],
    'pray': [2],
    'my': [2],
    'yet': [2],
    'you': [2],
    'tell': [2],
    'lord': [2],
    'marry': [2],
    'madam': [2]
}