Как мне проверить JSON на схему Avro

Вот как вы можете проверить это программно.

import org.apache.avro.AvroTypeException;
import org.apache.avro.Schema;
import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
import org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader;
import org.apache.avro.io.Decoder;
import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;

import java.io.*;

public class MainClass {
    public static void main (String [] args) throws Exception {
        Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse("{\n" +
                "     \"type\": \"record\",\n" +
                "     \"namespace\": \"com.acme\",\n" +
                "     \"name\": \"Test\",\n" +
                "     \"fields\": [\n" +
                "       { \"name\": \"name\", \"type\": \"string\" },\n" +
                "       { \"name\": \"age\", \"type\": \"int\" },\n" +
                "       { \"name\": \"sex\", \"type\": \"string\" },\n" +
                "       { \"name\": \"active\", \"type\": \"boolean\" }\n" +
                "     ]\n" +
                "}");
        String json = "{\"name\":\"alex\",\"age\":23,\"sex\":\"M\",\"active\":true}";
        System.out.println(validateJson(json, schema));
        String invalidJson = "{\"name\":\"alex\",\"age\":23,\"sex\":\"M\"}"; // missing active field
        System.out.println(validateJson(invalidJson, schema));
    }

    public static boolean validateJson(String json, Schema schema) throws Exception {
        InputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(json.getBytes());
        DataInputStream din = new DataInputStream(input);

        try {
            DatumReader reader = new GenericDatumReader(schema);
            Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().jsonDecoder(schema, din);
            reader.read(null, decoder);
            return true;
        } catch (AvroTypeException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
            return false;
        }
    }
}