Получение одинаковых данных для всех записей для редактирования и обновления записи в php

ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ. Не создавайте операторы SQL, объединяя данные с SQL. Используйте подготовленные операторы.

Что касается вашей проблемы, вы используете внешний ключ вопроса для обновления вариантов. Ключ не является первичным ключом выбора и не уникален. Попробуйте использовать уникальный первичный ключ для вашего SQL.

Вместо этого:

$query = "UPDATE choices SET  is_correct='$is_correct', text='$value' WHERE question_number=$id";

попробуй это:

$query = "UPDATE choices SET  is_correct='$is_correct', text='$value' WHERE id=$choice ";

Но, конечно, вы действительно должны попытаться сделать это снова, используя вместо этого подготовленные операторы!

<form class = "form-horizontal" action = "updatequestions.php" method = "post" role = "form">
                            <?php if (isset($msg)) {?>
                                <div class = "<?php echo $msgclass; ?>"  id = "mydiv" style = "padding:5px;"><?php echo $msg; ?></div>
                            <?php } ?>
                            <input  type='hidden' value='<?=$id;?>' name='question_number'>
                              <h2>Edit A Question</h1>

                                <div class = "form-group"> 
                                    <label for = "questionno" class = "col-sm-2 control-label">Question Number</label> 
                                    <div class = "col-sm-5"> 
                                        <input type = "text" class = "form-control" value = "<?php echo $oppointArr['question_number'];?>" 
                                        name = "question_number" id = "question_number" readonly> 
                                    </div> 
                                </div>  
                                <div class = "form-group"> 
                                    <label for = "question" class = "col-sm-2 control-label">Question</label> 
                                    <div class = "col-sm-5"> 
                                        <input type = "text" class = "form-control" value = "<?php echo $oppointArr['text'];?>" name = "question_text" id = "question_text"> 
                                    </div> 
                                </div> 

                                <input  type='hidden' value='<?=$id;?>' name='id'>
                                  <h2>Edit A Choice</h1>
                                  <?php

                                        $choicesql = "SELECT * FROM `choices`  WHERE question_number = $id ";
                                        $ChoicetArr =array();
                                        $choiceresult = mysqli_query($mysqli,$choicesql);
                                        $inc=1;
                                        $correctAns   = "";

                                        if (mysqli_num_rows($choiceresult) > 0) 
                                        {
                                          while($rows = mysqli_fetch_array($choiceresult)) 
                                          {   
                                                $ChoicetArr[] = $rows;


                                           ?>

                                            <div class = "form-group"> 
                                                <label for = "choice #<?php echo $inc;?>" class = "col-sm-2 control-label">Choice #<?php echo $inc;?></label> 
                                                <div class = "col-sm-5"> 
                                                    <input type = "hidden" name = "choice_id<?php echo $inc;?>" value = "<?php echo $rows['id'];?>">
                                                    <input type = "text" class = "form-control" value = "<?php echo $rows['text'];?>" name = "choice<?php echo $inc;?>" id = "choice<?php echo $inc;?>"> 
                                                </div> 
                                            </div> 
                                            <?php 

                                            //print_r($rows);

                                            if ($rows['is_correct']= = "1"){ 

                                                $correctAns = '<input type = "hidden" name = "choice_id'.$inc.'" value = "'.$rows['id'].'"><div class = "form-group"> 
                                                    <label for = "Correct Choice Number:" class = "col-sm-2 control-label">Correct Choice Number:</label> 
                                                    <div class = "col-sm-5"> 
                                                        <input type = "text" class = "form-control" value = "'.$inc.'" name = "is_correct" id = "is_correct"> 
                                                    </div> 
                                                </div>';    
                                             }  
                                             $inc++;
                                          }
                                        }

                                        echo $correctAns;
                                 ?>

                                <div class = "col-sm-offset-2"> 
                                    <button type = "submit" class = "btn btn-default" name = "submit_user" id = "subject">Submit</button> 
                                    <button type = "cancel" class = "btn btn-raised"><a href = "searchquestions.php">Cancel</a></button>
                                </div> 
                            </form>     

updatequestions.php

<?php
include 'includes/db.php';
if (isset($_POST['submit_user']))
{
    $questiontext = $_POST['question_text'];
    $id=$_POST['question_number'];
    $correct_choice = $_POST['is_correct'];
    $choices = array();
    $choices[] = array("question"=>$_POST['choice1'], "answer"=>$_POST['choice_id1']);
    $choices[] = array("question"=>$_POST['choice2'], "answer"=>$_POST['choice_id2']);
    $choices[] = array("question"=>$_POST['choice3'], "answer"=>$_POST['choice_id3']);
    $choices[] = array("question"=>$_POST['choice4'], "answer"=>$_POST['choice_id4']);
    $choices[] = array("question"=>$_POST['choice5'], "answer"=>$_POST['choice_id5']);

    $query = "UPDATE questions SET text='$questiontext' WHERE question_number = $id";               
    $insert_row = $mysqli->query($query) or die($mysqli->error.__LINE__);

    if ($insert_row)
    {
        $inc= 0;

        foreach($choices as $choice => $value){
            if (count($value)>0){
                $answerInc = $choice+1;                 

                if ($correct_choice == $answerInc){
                    $is_correct = 1;
                } else {
                    $is_correct = 0;
                }
                $text= $value['question'];
                $answer = $value['answer'];
                //echo "<br>".$text;
                //print_r($value);
                echo $answerInc;
                echo "<br>";

                echo $query = "UPDATE choices SET  is_correct='$is_correct', text='$text' WHERE id=$answer";
                $insert_row = $mysqli->query($query) or die($mysqli->error.__LINE__);               
                if ($insert_row){
                    continue;
                } else {
                    die('Error : ('.$mysqli->errno . ') '. $mysqli->error);
                }
            }
            $inc++;
        }

        $msg = 'Question has been Updated Successfully';
        header("location:searchquestions.php");
        exit;
    }
    }
 ?>