Есть ли способ сопоставить файл JSON с набором данных (изображениями) в python?

Что-то вроде следующего создаст папки для каждого из классов, а затем переместит в них изображения.

import json
import os
from os import path
# Open the json file containing the classifications
with open("clasification.json", "r") as f:
   classification = json.load(f)
# Create a set which contains all the classes
classes = set([i["anomaly_class"] for i in classification.values()])
# For each of the classes make a folder to contain them
for c in classes:
    os.makedirs(c)
# For each image entry in the json move the image to the folder named it's class
for image_number, image_data in classification.items():
    os.rename(image_data["image_filepath"], path.join(image_data["anomaly_class"], "{}.jpg".format(image_number)))

Что-то вроде этого должно работать:

import json
from pathlib import Path

currDir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
# Path where the images will be moved to
imagesDir = currDir / 'images'
testingDir = imagesDir / 'testing'
trainingDir = imagesDir / 'training'

# Load data
infoPerImage = {}
# This has to be the path to the file containing the data
# I assumed it is in the current directory
infoFilePath = currDir / 'data.json'
with infoFilePath.open() as f:
    infoPerImage = json.loads(f.read())

# Separate into classes
infoPerClass = {}
for imageNumber, imageInfo in infoPerImage.items():
    imageClass = imageInfo['anomaly_class']
    imagePath = imageInfo['image_filepath']
    currentClassImages = infoPerClass.setdefault(imageClass, [])
    currentClassImages.append(imagePath)

# Create directories for the classes
for imageClass in infoPerClass:
    pathToImageClassTraining = trainingDir / imageClass
    pathToImageClassTraining.mkdir(parents=True)
    pathToImageClassTesting = testingDir / imageClass
    pathToImageClassTesting.mkdir(parents=True)

# Separate into training and testing images
trainingImages = {}
testingImages = {}
for imageClass, imagePaths in infoPerClass.items():
    lenImagePaths = len(imagePaths)
    upperLimit = int(lenImagePaths * 0.8)
    trainingImages[imageClass] = imagePaths[:upperLimit]
    testingImages[imageClass] = imagePaths[upperLimit:]

def moveImagesToTheirDir(imagesDict, imagesBasePath):
    for imageClass, imagePaths in imagesDict.items():
        for imagePath in imagePaths:
            imageSrc = Path(imagePath)
            imageDest = imagesBasePath / imageClass / imageSrc.name
            imageSrc.rename(imageDest)
moveImagesToTheirDir(trainingImages, trainingDir)
moveImagesToTheirDir(testingImages, testingDir)